Spelling of Verbs in the Present Perfect Simple

How to spell regular and irregular verbs in the Present Perfect Simple

You need know all forms of the irregular verbs very well. For the Present Perfect Simple you need the form of the verb which can be found in the 3rd column of the table of the irregular verbs.

do → did → done

Add –ed with regular verbs:
regular verbs → infinitive + –ed

Sometimes there are exceptions in spelling when adding –ed:

1. Adding -ed

1.1. consonant after a short, stressed vowel at the end of the word

Double the consonant.

stop – stopped
sob – sobbed
tap – tapped

We do not double the consonant if the vowel is not stressed:
benefit – benefited (Here we stress the first e, not the i.)

In British English we double one -l at the end of the word:
travel – travelled
equal – equalled

1.2. one -e at the end of the word

Only add -d.
bake – baked
save – saved
smile – smiled

1.3. verbs ending in -y

Change -y to -i after a consonant. Then add –ed.
hurry – hurried

Add –ed with verbs ending in -y preceded by a vowel (a, e, i, o, u):
play – played